Ten years since the launch of the Iraq war and the most that seems to have been achieved is the lining of rich men's pockets. The following is from the Daily Mirror.
Who really won the Iraq war? Oil barons, big business and mercenaries
10 years after the fall of Saddam, we examine who were the winners and losers
of the conflict
US President George W. Bush aboard the nuclear
aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln in May 2003
Getty
There has been no shortage of Western leaders and military chiefs willing to
declare victory in the Iraq War.
Six weeks after the US-led invasion rolled into Iraq to topple Saddam
Hussein, George W Bush addressed the world in front of a banner that boasted:
Mission accomplished.
Shortly afterwards, Tony Blair told British troops: “The way you won the war
was extraordinary.”
And in 2009 when the 20th Armoured Brigade lowered its flag over the garrison
in Basra to finally mark the end of British combat operations in Iraq, then-PM
Gordon Brown hailed the conflict a success.
But now – a decade after the war began on March 20, 2003 – one group can
toast victory most of all.
They are the oil bosses, mercenaries and tycoons who cashed in when the war’s
aftermath turned into a multi-billion-pound goldrush.
This gravy train has paid out as more than 100,000 people have been killed in
Iraq’s decade of turmoil.
Just 18 months after the invasion, commercial airliners packed with security
personnel and business investors were flying daily into the capital Baghdad.
Private security contractors from the UK, European, South African and US
special forces were lured by the offer of £1,000 a day to guard dignitaries and
prime terror targets.
Tycoons had their eyes on the big prize – a slice of the first £6.6billion in
reconstruction money being flown into the city on US military aircraft.
This cash belonged to Iraq. It was the proceeds from the sale of
oil that funded the UN’s Oil For Food Programme and was intended to be used
to rebuild the ravaged country.
Disgracefully, much of the money ended up in the pockets of crooks or corrupt
officials.
In one case, American Robert Stein, the Coalition Provisional Authority’s
controller in the central Iraq city of Hilla, was jailed in 2007 for nine years
after admitting his role in a multi-million-pound corruption scandal.
Between 2003 and 2004, when he was in charge of distributing reconstruction
money, Stein used a rigged bidding process to hand contracts worth £5.7million
to his co-conspirator – construction contractor Philip Bloom – who was also
jailed.
That is just one example. In 2004, the Americans began to build a sewer and
water system in Fallujah, west of Baghdad. Originally planned to cost £23million
and take 18 months to complete, the project has already cost £129million and is
still unfinished.
Iraq has been a test bed for the privatisation of war and apart from making
lots of businessmen rich, it is not a model for reconstructing a country. The US
government, eager to reduce casualties and convinced that private firms could do
the job more efficiently, awarded huge contracts, mostly to US firms.
It was the birth of the truly privatised modern war. In the Second World War,
there was one contractor deployed for every seven soldiers. During the 2003
invasion, that number had increased to two in five. By 2006, contractors in Iraq
were outnumbering the soldiers.
Private security firms were first in the queue for work and British firms won
some of the biggest contracts.
Aegis, then run by ex-Scots Guards officer Lt Col Tim Spicer, won a
£250million deal to oversee all private security operations. He founded Sandline
along with mercenary Simon Mann, later jailed for plotting a coup in Equatorial
Guinea.
Another British firm, Global Strategies Group, won a contract to provide
security to diplomats in the southern city of Basra, in a deal worth up to
£265million over five years.
A third London-based firm, Erinys, landed a £90million contract to secure the
country’s oil fields, training 20,000 Iraqi guards to protect pipelines from
sabotage.
The most controversial private security firm to profit from Iraq was
Blackwater USA. In 2004, four of its security guards were ambushed and burned to
death in Fallujah.
Blackwater was accused of failing to protect the men. Three years later, it
was in the spotlight again when guards shot dead 17 Iraqi civilians in
Baghdad.
A US judge later threw out charges against five Blackwater guards. Last year
the firm, now called Academi, agreed to pay £4.8million to settle US arms
trafficking charges.
Opponents of the war have claimed the real reason for the invasion was for
the West to get its hands on Iraq’s massive oil reserves.
Suspicions were heightened when oilfield specialists Halliburton, which used
to be run by ex-US Vice President Dick Cheney, profited from the war he helped
to launch. Former Vice President Dick Cheney used to run
Halliburton [AP/MEET THE PRESS]
Between 2003 and 2010, Halliburton’s subsidiary KBR earned £20billion in US
Government contracts in Iraq. KBR was accused of overcharging and investigators
found that £365million in payments should be held back.
British firm Amec won a joint £600million contract to rebuild Iraq’s water
supply, while a group of companies led by BP is set to earn £1.3billion per year
to develop Iraq’s Rumaila oil field.
Iraq’s oil wealth has the potential to transform the country but it still has
regular power cuts and many of its people rely on untreated water.
Tony Blair, who has urged British firms to invest in Iraq, is thought to earn
£20million a year, including £2.5million from his role as an adviser to US
investment bank JPMorgan.
The tycoons who made fortunes from Mr Blair’s decision to wage war probably
would not begrudge him a penny.
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